American Fashion Design

The majority of American fashion houses are based in New York and Los Angeles, although there are also a significant number in Miami, and Chicago was once a center of American fashion. American fashion design is dominated by a clean-cut, casual style, reflecting the sporty, health-conscious lifestyles of many American city-dwellers. A designer who helped to set the trend in the United States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the 1940's and 50's was Claire McCardell. Many of her designs have been revived in recent decades. More modern influences on the American look have been Calvin Klein Ralph Lauren, and Donna Karan.

Deer

A deer is a ruminant animal belonging to the family Cervidae. A number of usually similar animals, from related families within the order Artiodactyla, are often also called deer.
Depending on their class, male deer are called stags, harts, bucks or bulls, and females are called hinds, does or cows. Young deer are called fawns or calves. Hart is a show for a stag, mainly a Red Deer stag past its fifth year. It is not commonly used, but a design is in Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" when Tybalt refers to the brawling Montagues and Capulets as hartless hinds. "The White Hart" and "The Red Hart" are ordinary English pub names.

Deer are lengthily distributed, and hunted, with representatives in all continents except for Antarctica. Australia has six introduced species of deer that have documented sustainable wild populations from Acclimatization Society releases in the 19th Century. These are Fallow Deer, Red Deer, Sambar Deer, Hog Deer, Rusa deer, and Chital Deer. There is Red Deer in Northern Africa.

Red Deer introduced into New Zealand in early 1900s (a gift from United States President Theodore Roosevelt) have been mainly domestic in deer farms since the late 1960s and are ordinary farm animals there now.

All male deer have antlers that are shed and redrawn each year from an arrangement called a pedicle. Sometimes a female will have a small stub. The only female deer with antlers are Caribou and their cousins, the Reindeer. Antlers grow as very vascular spongy tissue covered in a skin called velvet. Before the beginning of a species' mating season, the antlers calcify under the velvet and turn into hard. The velvet is then shed leaving hard bone antlers. After the mating season, the pedicle and the antler base are separated by a layer of tissue, and the antler falls off. Each species has a general antler growth pattern, e.g. White-tailed Deer tend to grow antlers out and forward with points arising from the top of the main beam of the antler. Mule deer, a species within the same genus as White-tailed deer, have similar antler growth except that the second point is typically forked.

For Wapiti and Red Deer, a stag having 14 points is an "imperial", and a stag having 12 points is a "royal". If the antlers diverge from the pattern of the species, the deer is considered a non-typical deer.