Security

Security is the condition of being sheltered against danger or loss. In the general sense, security is a perception similar to safety. The nuance between the two is an added emphasis on being protected from dangers that initiate from outside. Individuals or actions that encroach upon the condition of protection are responsible for the breach of security.
The word security in general procedure is synonymous with safety, but as a technical term security means that something not only is protected but that it has been secured. A condition that results from the establishment and maintenance of protective measures that ensures a state of inviolability from hostile acts or influences. With respect to classified matter, the condition that prevents unauthorized persons from having right to use to official information that is safeguarded in the benefit of national security.

Planet

A planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU), is a celestial body orbiting a star or stellar remains that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion in its core, and has cleared its neighboring region of planetesimals. The term planet changed from something that stimulated across the sky, to a body that orbited the Earth. When the heliocentric model gained sway in the 16th century, it became established that a planet was actually something that directly orbited the Sun. At the end of the 17th century, when the first satellites of Saturn were exposed, the terms planet and satellite were at first used interchangeably, although satellite would gradually become more common in the following century.

The energetic impacts of the smaller planetesimals will heat up the increasing planet, causing it to at least partially melt. The interior of the planet begins to differentiate by mass, mounting a denser core. Smaller terrestrial planets lose most of their atmospheres because of this accretion, but the lost gases can be replaced by out gassing from the mantle and from the succeeding impact of comets.

Earthquake

An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's outer layer that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes are accordingly measured with a seismometer, generally known as a seismograph. The magnitude of an earthquake is conventionally reported using the Richter scale or a related instant scale. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a trembling or displacement of the ground. Sometimes, they cause tsunamis, which may lead to loss of life and annihilation of property. An earthquake is caused by tectonic plates getting stuck and putting a damage on the ground. The strain becomes so great that rocks give way by breaking and downhill along fault planes. Earthquakes may occur naturally or as a result of human actions. Slighter earthquakes can also be caused by volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. In its most generic intelligence, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether a natural phenomenon or an event caused by humans—that generates seismic effect.

Cloud

A cloud is a visible mass of condensed droplets, frozen crystals suspended in the atmosphere above the surface of the Earth or another earthly body, such as a moon. The branch of meteorology in which exhaust are studied is nephology.
On Earth the condensing matter is typically water vapor, which forms small droplets or ice crystals, typically 0.01 mm in diameter. When surrounded by billions of other droplets or crystals they become observable as clouds. Dense deep clouds exhibit a high reflectance throughout the visible range of wavelengths: they thus appear white, at least from the top. Cloud droplets tend to scatter light professionally, so that the intensity of the solar radiation decreases with depth into the cloud, hence the gray or even sometimes dark exterior of the clouds at their base. Thin clouds may appear to have acquired the color of their environment or background, and clouds illuminated by non-white light, such as through sunrise or sunset, may be colored accordingly. In the near-infrared range, clouds would appear darker because the water that constitutes the cloud droplets muscularly absorbs solar radiation at those wavelengths.

Inca Rope bridge

Inca Rope bridges were simple suspension bridges over canyons and gorges to present access for the Inca Empire. Bridges of this type were suitable for use since the Inca people did not use wheeled transport - traffic was incomplete to pedestrians and livestock. These bridges were an intrinsic part on the Inca road scheme and are an excellent example of Inca innovation in engineering. They were frequently used by Chasqui runners delivering messages throughout the Inca Empire.
The construction of these bridges amounted to a pair of stone anchors on each side of the canyon with immense cables of woven ichu grass linking these two pylons together. Adding to this construction, two additional cables acted as guardrails. The cables which supported the foot-path were unbreakable with plaited branches. This multi-structure system made these bridges strong enough to even carry the Spaniards while riding horses after they indoors. However, these massive bridges were so heavy that they tended to sag in the middle, and this caused them to bend in high winds.

Calculator

A calculator is a machine for performing calculations. Although modern calculators often incorporate a general purpose computer, the device is calculated for performing specific operations, rather than for flexibility. Modern calculators are more convenient than most computers, though some PDAs are comparable in amount to handheld calculators.

In the past, some calculators were as huge as today's computers. The first automatic calculators were mechanical desktop devices which were replaced by electromechanical desktop calculators, and then by electronic devices using first thermionic valves, then transistors, then hard-wired integrated circuit logic. New calculators are electrically powered and come in innumerable shapes and sizes varying from cheap, give-away, credit-card sized models to more sturdy adding machine-like models with built-in printers.

Indicator

Dial indicators are instruments used to correctly measure a small distance. They may also be known as a Dial gauge, Dial Test Indicator, or as a clock. They are named so because the measurement results are displayed in a overstated way by means of a dial. They may be used to check the dissimilarity in tolerance during the check process of a machined part, measure the deflection of a beam or ring under laboratory conditions, as well as many other situations where a small measurement needs to be registered or indicated.

An economic indicator is a statistic concerning the economy. The lighting system of a motor vehicle consists of lighting and signaling procedure mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to present illumination for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark, to increase the visibility of the vehicle, and to display information about the vehicle's presence, position, size, direction of travel, and driver's intentions concerning direction and speed of travel.

Reliability

In computer networking, a reliable protocol is one that ensures that reliability properties with respect to the delivery of data to the intended recipient(s), as opposed to an unreliable procedure, which does not guarantee that data will be delivered intact, or that it will be delivered at all. A reliable multicast protocol may ensure consistency on a per-recipient basis, as well as provide strong reliability properties that relate the delivery of data to different recipients, such as e.g. total order, atomicity, or virtual synchrony.

Reliable protocols normally incur more overhead than unreliable protocols, and as a result, are slower and less scalable. This often isn't an issue for unicast protocols, but it may be a difficulty for multicast protocols. TCP, the main protocol used in the Internet today, is a reliable unicast protocol. UDP, often used in computer games or other situation where speed is an issue and the loss of a little fact is not, is an unreliable unicast protocol.

Table

In relational databases, SQL databases, and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements that is controlled using a model of horizontal rows and vertical columns. The columns are identified by name, and the rows are identified by the values appearing in a particular column division which has been identified as a candidate key. Table is another term for family although there is the difference in that a table is usually a multi-set of rows whereas a relation is a set and does not allow duplicates. A table has a particular number of columns but can have any number of rows. Besides the actual data rows, tables generally have related with them some meta-information, such as constraints on the table or on the values within particular columns.

The data in a table does not have to be actually stored in the database. Views are also relational tables, but their data is considered at query time. In non-relational systems, such as hierarchical databases, the isolated counterpart of a table is a structured file, representing the rows of a table in each record of the file and each column in a record.

Trams

Electric-powered trams were first successfully experienced in service in Richmond, Virginia, in 1888, in the Richmond Union Passenger Railway built by Frank J. Sprague. There were earlier saleable installations of electric streetcars, including one in Berlin, as early as 1881 by Werner von Siemens and the company that still bears his name, and also one in Saint Petersburg, Russia, made-up and tested by Fyodor Pirotsky in 1880. Another was by John Joseph Wright, brother of the celebrated mining entrepreneur Whitaker Wright, in Toronto in 1883.The earlier installations, however, proved difficult and/or variable. Siemens' line, for example, provided power through a live rail and a return rail, like a model train setup, limiting the voltage that could be used, and providing unwanted stimulation to people and animals crossing the tracks. Siemens later planned his own method of current collection, this time from an overhead wire, called the bow collector. Once this had been developed his cars became equal to, if not superior than, any of Sprague's cars. The first electric interurban line connecting St. Catherine’s and Thorold, Ontario was operated in 1887, and was measured quite successful at the time. While this line proved quite versatile as one of the earliest fully functional electric streetcar installations, it still required horse-drawn carry while hiking the Niagara Escarpment and for two months of the winter when hydroelectricity was not available. This line continuous service in its original form well into the 1950s.

Health

Health is the level of functional and metabolic effectiveness of an organism at both the micro and macro level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's skill to efficiently respond to challenges and effectively restore and maintain a state of balance, known as homeostasis.

Another widely established definition of health is that of the World Health Organization which states that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the nonattendance of disease or infirmity .In more recent years, this statement has been customized to include the ability to lead a socially and economically productive life. The definition is not without criticism, as some argue that health cannot be defined as a state at all, but must be seen as a process of incessant adjustment to the changing demands of living and of the changing meaning we give to life.

Color

Color is the visual perceptual possessions corresponding in humans to the categories called red, yellow, white, etc. Color derives from spectrum of light distribution of light energy versus wavelength interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors. Color categories and physical condition of color are also associated with objects, materials, light sources, etc., based on their physical properties such as light absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.

Typically, only features of the composition of light that are visible by humans wavelength spectrum from 400 nm to 700 nm, roughly are included, thereby objectively relating the psychological phenomenon of color to its physical specification. Because perception of color stems from the varying sensitivity of different types of cone cells in the retina to different parts of the spectrum, colors may be defined and quantify by the degree to which they stimulate these cells. These physical or physiological quantifications of color, however, do not fully clarify the psychophysical perception of color appearance.

The science of color is sometimes called chromatics. It includes the perception of color by the human eye and brain, the origin of color in materials, color theory in art, and the physics of electromagnetic emission in the visible range that is, what we commonly refer to simply as light.

Cosmetics

Cosmetics or make-up are substances used to enhance the beauty of the human body. Cosmetics include lotions, powders, lipstick and many other types of products. Their use is widespread, especially among women in Western countries. The manufacture of cosmetics is currently dominated by a small number of multinational corporations that originated in the early 20th century, but the distribution and sale of cosmetics is spread among a wide range of different businesses.

Flag

A flag is a piece of woven cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used symbolically for signalling or identification. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed by a flag, or to its depiction in another medium.
The first flags were used to assist military coordination on battlefields and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is similarly challenging (such as the maritime environment where semaphore is used). National flags are potent patriotic symbols with varied wide-ranging interpretations, often including strong military associations due to their original and ongoing military uses. Flags are used in messaging, advertising, or for other decorative purposes, though at this less formal end the distinction between a flag and a simple cloth banner is blurred. The study of flags is known as vexillology, from the Latin vexillum meaning flag or banner.

Tax

A tax is a financial charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (for example, tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements). Taxes could also be imposed by a subnational entity. Taxes consist of direct tax or indirect tax, and may be paid in money or as corvée labor. A tax may be defined as a "pecuniary burden laid upon individuals or property to support the government [ . . .] a payment exacted by legislative authority."[1] A tax "is not a voluntary payment or donation, but an enforced contribution, exacted pursuant to legislative authority" and is "any contribution imposed by government [ . . .] whether under the name of toll, tribute, tallage, gabel, impost, duty, custom, excise, subsidy, aid, supply, or other name."[2]
In modern capitalist taxation systems, taxes are levied in money, but in-kind and corvée taxation are characteristic of traditional or pre-capitalist states and their functional equivalents. The method of taxation and the government expenditure of taxes raised is often highly debated in politics and economics. Tax collection is performed by a government agency such as Revenue Canada, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States, or Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) in the UK. When taxes are not fully paid, civil penalties (such as fines or forfeiture) or criminal penalties (such as incarceration)[3] may be imposed on the non-paying entity or individual.

Deerhabitat

Deer are widely distributed, and hunted, with indigenous representatives in all continents except Antarctica and Australia. Deer live in a variety of biomes ranging from tundra to the tropical rainforest. While often associated with forests, many deer are ecotone species that live in transitional areas between forests and thickets (for cover) and prairie and savanna (open space). The majority of large deer species inhabit temperate mixed deciduous forest, mountain mixed coniferous forest, tropical seasonal/dry forest, and savanna habitats around the world. Clearing open areas within forests to some extent may actually benefit deer populations by exposing the understory and allowing the types of grasses, weeds, and herbs to grow that deer like to eat. However, adequate forest or brush cover must still be provided for populations to grow and thrive. Small species such as the brocket deer and pudus of Central and South America, and the muntjacs of Asia do occupy dense forests and are less often seen in open spaces. There are also several species of deer that are highly specialized and live almost exclusively in mountains, grasslands, swamps and "wet" savannas, riparian corridors surrounded by deserts. Some deer have a circumpolar distribution in both North America and Eurasia. Examples include the reindeer (caribou) that live in Arctic tundra and taiga (boreal forests) and moose that inhabit taiga and adjacent areas.

Debenture

In finance, a debenture is a long-term debt instrument used by governments and large companies to obtain funds. It is similar to a bond except the securitization conditions are different. A debenture is usually unsecured in the sense that there are no liens or pledges on specific assets. It is however, secured by all properties not or else pledged. In the case of bankruptcy debenture holders are considered general creditors.

The benefit of debentures to the issuer is they leave specific assets tangential, and thereby leave them open for subsequent financing.

Foreclosure

Foreclosure is the legal proceeding in which bank or other secured creditor sells or reclaims a part of real property due to the owner's failure to comply with the agreement between the lender and borrower called a "mortgage" or "deed of trust". Usually, the abuse of the mortgage is a default in payment of a promissory note, secured by a lien on the property. When the transaction is complete, it is normally said that the lender has foreclosed its mortgage or lien.

In US, there are two kinds of foreclosure in common law states. Using a deed in lieu of foreclosure, the bank claims the title and possession of the property back in full satisfaction of a debt, usually on contract. Many states needs the latter sort of proceeding in some or all cases of foreclosure, in order to protect any equity the debtor may have in the property, in case the value of the debt being foreclosed on is significantly less than the market value of the immovable assets.

Political divisions of China

The People's Republic of China has administrative control over twenty-two provinces; the government of the PRC considers Taiwan to be its twenty-third region. Apart from provinces, there are five independent regions, each with a designated minority group; four municipalities; and two Special Administrative Regions that enjoy considerable autonomy.

The twenty-two provinces, five autonomous regions and four municipalities can be jointly referred to as "mainland China", a term which usually excludes Hong Kong and Macau.

American Fashion Design

The majority of American fashion houses are based in New York and Los Angeles, although there are also a significant number in Miami, and Chicago was once a center of American fashion. American fashion design is dominated by a clean-cut, casual style, reflecting the sporty, health-conscious lifestyles of many American city-dwellers. A designer who helped to set the trend in the United States for sport-influenced day wear throughout the 1940's and 50's was Claire McCardell. Many of her designs have been revived in recent decades. More modern influences on the American look have been Calvin Klein Ralph Lauren, and Donna Karan.